
Source: GAO analysis of Department of Defense (DOD) data. Without taking steps to improve Sea Service participation, students lose opportunities to interact with students from other military departments, which officials have identified as critical to joint acculturation.Īir Force and Army Professional Military Education (PME) Intermediate-level Seminars without Required Sea Service Representation, Academic Years 2016-2018

GAO's analysis found that the Navy could have assigned officers to Air Force and Army programs while not harming participation in its own seminars.

For example, the Army's intermediate-level PME program did not meet its Sea Service (i.e., Navy, Marine Corps, and, in certain instances, Coast Guard) requirement (see table). However, not all of the military services' PME programs met the JPME seminar student mix requirement of at least one student from the nonhost military department. All of the military services' intermediate- and senior-level officer Professional Military Education (PME) programs have met civilian and met or partially met Joint PME (JPME) accreditation requirements.
